The Basics of Shell Scripting For Absolute Beginners
The Basics of Shell Scripting For Absolute Beginners
If you are new to the world of operating system programming and shell scripting, many of the terms and concepts will likely sound Greek to you. Unless you are Greek of course, in which case it would sound like Chinese! The fact of the matter is that shell scripting can be very confusing, although it does get clearer with time. This article covers the very basics of shell scripting and will quickly get you on the road to enlightenment.
What is Shell Scripting?
A shell script is basically a text file that contains containing a string of commands in sequence. When the script is run, it executes all the commands that are in the file. The “shell” in the phrase refers to the command-line user interface that is used to communicate with the Linux kernel. There are a few different shells currently in use, with the most common ones being the C shell or csh, the Korn shell or ksh, the Bourne shell or sh, and the Bourne-Again shell or bash.
There are a number of scenarios that will require you to script with the shell. You may for instance have to support existing scripts, or you may wish to automate the system setup procedure before installing Oracle. In this scenario, you may use a script to determine the state of the operating system and any system requirements that you will have to meet before the software can be installed.
Linux
The most commonly used shell under Linux is called “Bash”. This name is derived from “Bourne Again Shell”. Although there are many other types of shells available for Linux, most experts recommend that you stick to the Bash shell, since this will increase the portability of your scripts between different systems and operating systems.
UNIX
Under UNIX, the shell allows a programmer to string together and execute a number of UNIX commands without having to compile them first. This makes it a lot faster to get a script running. In addition, shell scripting under UNIX makes it easier for other programmers to read and understand your code. Such shell scripts are also usually easily portable across the entire UNIX world, as long as they conform to a set standard.
Scripting for Windows
The Windows operating system conveniently includes a basic command structure that can be used to create scripts that will essentially streamline various administrative tasks. Some of the more common scripting languages under the Windows platform are Windows shell scripting, Visual Basic Scripting or VBS, and JScript. Shell scripting on the Windows platform is commonly used to produce logon scripts, which are in turn used to configure the Windows environment for specific uses when they log on. Marketing personnel for instance may use such scripts to automatically map network drives to the marketing network folder, and so on.
Much more about shell scripting and other programming languages can be found online and in programming books. There are websites, such as http://bestprogrammingbooks.net, that organize programming books by category, language, database etc. and offer low prices.
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